Beyer (1984) to assess the. Numeric scale c. Oucher scale. 36 One scale has a series of 6 photographs of a child in varying degrees of distress and is to be used for. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. FLACC c. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. One scale is a series of six photographs showing a child in varying degrees of discomfort and is used by children who are unable to count by number. Clinical scales adapted to age are the most used methods for assessing and monitoring the degree of pain in children. Oucher scale d. Children, who are able to count to 100 by ones or tens and who understand e. Most children preferred using the FACES Scale (56%) versus the Oucher (26%) and VAS (18%). Numeric scale c. FACES pain rating tool b. FLACC tool, 2. This article illustrates the precision and care needed to create clinically useful tools for obtaining information directly from young children. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 002) and 5 (P = 0. The scale shares an intimate straightforward relationship with the visual analog scale (VAS) throughout the 4 to 16 years age group [3] and. Numeric scale c. FLACC c. Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) Numeric scale c. FACES pain rating tool b. The higher the score the more pain) Baker-Wong FACES Scale. Poker chip tool D. The FACES or the Oucher scales are appropriate to use with small children. 78 (SD 2. Numeric scale c. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Oucher scaleThe nurse should not use the Oucher scale to assess pain in a toddler. Oucher scale d. lev el of 0. neuropathic 3. 6 Visual analog scales such as those used for adults can be used in children age 8 and above, and include face scales such as the Oucher Pain Scale™ and Wong-Baker Faces. The Oucher scale is used to assess pain intensity in children as young as 3 years old and includes two separate scales. HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM GUIDEBOOK PHAs are required4 to adopt a minimum rent which may be set anywhere from $0 to $50. 9) (P < 0. Oucher scale d. FLACC tool; ANS: D. PTS 1 DIF Cognitive Level Application REF 840 OBJ Nursing Process Assessment MSC from NURSING 330 at Dominican CollegeStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Numeric scale c. Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of the existence and intensity of acute pain? The severity of the condition causing the pain; The client's. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. The FACES pain rating scale and Oucher pain rating scale are appropriate for children as young as 3; however, in this situation the FLACC is required due to the child's inability to report his level of pain. For example, females are not represented, as well as other cultures. Significant correlations were found between the two. Bieri Scale. Hemodynamic variables presented graphically only, without SDs. Self-report methods are not well established for three- and four-year-olds, although some can use the Pieces of Hurt tool ( 13 ) and faces scales ( 9 ). Faces pain scale – revised (FPS–R. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Die Smiley-Analogskala (oder auch: Gesichterskala, oucher scale, faces rating scale) ist eine für Kinder bestimmte, mehrstufige Schmerzschätzskala mit Gesichtern, die im letzten Jahrzehnt intensiv untersucht und validiert wurde [5,. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. 1016/J. Scores are interpreted as follows: 0: Relaxed and comfortable. Oucher scale d. 28 The photographs are on a. 10. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? A. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. 10 Children use the Oucher scale by selecting the number or photograph that most closely Clinical scales adapted to age are the most used methods for assessing and monitoring the degree of pain in children. Depending on age and ability to order items by size, children point to either a face in a series of six photographs showing a child in varying degrees of. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Adult Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS) Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD) Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) Critical-Care Observation Tool (CPOT) Pediatrics. Blood Pressure / physiology. 05 and test power of 0. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Which of the following. , that 71 is larger than 43, can use the numerical sclae. These 4 scales were included in the review. 0 to 1 based on nurse Except cry (0 to 2) Pain is higher with a higher score, Higher the score the higher the pain 0 to 2 score 2 months to 7 years old. FACES pain rating tool b. Checklist for Nonverbal Pain Indicators c. D. Numeric scale c. View PHOTO-2021-04-22-01-24-32-14. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. The Oucher scale uses photographs of real children in pain or discomfort. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. The FACES and Oucher scales can both be used on patients of Esther ’s age . The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Numeric scale c. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use? A. Oucher scale d. Ketorolac is reducing postoperative pain significantly than metamizole in children undergoing to Adeno-tonsillectomy, resulting in a higher degree of pain relief measured on the Oucher scale. 5 In general, self-report methods are useful in children at least five to six years old. Numeric scale c. Pain is the first general cause of consultation in most medical specialties, being also the most frequent cause of suffering and disability that. c. 01). Expand. más. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. ANS: D. A pilot study determined a standard deviation of 1. All patients showed varying degrees of. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The original Oucher (Figure 1) consists of two separate scales: a 0 to 100 scale on the left for older children and a six-picture photographic scale on the right for younger children. We suggest that, in critically ill pediatric patients 6 yrs old and older who are capable of communicating, pain assessment via self-report be routinely performed using the Visual Analog Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, Oucher Scale, or Wong-Baker Faces pain scale. 2 Excerpts; Save. Mean of pain severity in the three. 24. Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and. The FACES scale is appropriate for. The OUCHER Pain Scale consists of 6 images showing children faces representing a variety of pain intensities, which are convertible to scores of. 49–3). At present, the verbal numerical rating scale appears the most appropriate pain measure to administer in the prehospital setting for adult patients as it is practical and valid. codeine B. Oucher was the most preferred scale by the children and had a uniformly increasing relationship with FPS and VRS, which has implications for research on pain management using Oucher, which was a reliable and preferred scale in children. nonpharmacological techniques. Oucher Scale b. Our goal is to examine the dynamics of their expression (i. Scores on the Oucher Scale, Analogue Chromatic Continuous Scale, and Child Medical Fear Scale were obtained after being administere. Once practitioners clearly understood the child’s pain, they could develop a quality treatment and support plan. Numeric scale c. Faces pain scale E. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. It is an ethnically based self-report scale, which has three versions: Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic [54, 55]. and requires the child to point to each section on the scale to describe variations in pain intensity or to point to a picture and describe variations in pain. 62–. FACES pain rating tool b. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 3 (1), 11–23) to test the construct validity of the Oucher Scale. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Basic concept Painm 2 - ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES Basic Concept STUDENT NAME - Studocu. Oucher scale d. with her daughter because of a change in function. Construct validity was supported for both the scales. 6 of 20) (Bai & Jiang, 2015). Position the child laterally. child following a surgical procedure. The most common assessment tool is a numeric rating scale (NRS; see image below), in which the patient rates pain based on a scale from 0-10, with 0 being “no pain at all” and 10 being the “worst imaginable pain. Additional large-scale studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and cost–benefit and risk–benefit issues. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. The WBFPRS was preferred by children, but the inclusion of smiling and crying faces among the WBFPRS face choices raised the possibility of. The Faces Scale, Oucher Scale, and Poker Chip Tool are all self-report scales and can. is. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for. Use: There are two manners of administration of the Oucher scale: numerical or photographic. 53 (SD 2. Doc Preview. 2 It is used as a measure of pain intensity. The Oucher scale is for children ages 3 to 13. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Which pain scale is the most appropriate to use in an infant, age 6 months? A. Numeric scale c. Numeric scale c. info. The Oucher is a tool consisting of 2 scales used to help children report the intensity of their pain. Expand. Which of the following occurs with malignant hypertension? (Select all that apply. Resources include archetypes, templates, terminology subsets, release sets, metadata relating to clinical models and. Numeric scale c. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. Like the CRIES scale, this set of variables is scored on a scale of 0 – 2. Photographs of the face of a child in pain were selected as the direct cue for 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 --. FACES b. These easily reproduced scales require no quantitative reasoning on the part of the child. Photographs of children's faces are used, indicating increasing degrees of distress from 0 to 10. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl who had surgery 12 hours. 23) with a significant difference between the three pain scales (Table 1 ). FACES pain rating tool b. Self-report pain scales developed for young children include the Poker Chip Scale, Wong-Baker Faces Scale (Fig. You may be asked to rate the intensity of your pain with a number, or by picking a "face" that represents how the pain makes you feel; this is called the "oucher" or "faces" chart. The Oucher is a tool to help children report their pain intensity using a 0-100 numerical scale or a six-picture photographic scale. 오늘은 소아 진정/수면 마취 시 '소아 모니터링'과 진정 점수(Ramsay sedation scale, MOAA/S scale)과 통증 점수(FLACC scale, oucher scale, VAS)를 알아보았다. Pain scales are a necessity to assist with better assessment of pain and patient screening. We believe the lower pain score on FPS is due to a predefined description of each. Spread the cream over the lateral surface of both forearms. Imagery assessment questionnaire (IAQ) developed by researchers: manipulation check for imagery. Oucher scale d. The Oucher Scale (which is available in different ethnic versions, permits children to rate. Wong/Baker Rating Scale d. CHAPTER 5 A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. PTS 1 DIF Cognitive Level Application REF 840 OBJ Nursing Process Assessment MSC from LPN MISC at Arkansas State University, BeebeStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. g. Numeric D. Lower mean pain scores at four hourly intervals after medication supported the construct validity of the Oucher, an instrument designed to assess children’s perceptions of the intensity of their pain. FLACC tool, 2. A pain scale measures a patient's pain intensity or other features. pmn. Pages 5. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of three versions of the Oucher pain scale. 13. 22, 23 Its metric is consistent with other visual analog scale pain measures. CRIES scale C. Numeric scale c. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. Average pain intensity in local cold therapy, distraction, and control groups was 26. FLACC tool, 2. 42 0. Learning Template - med card week 3 patho. Severity c. 12. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Pain is a common presenting symptom for emergency. His parent says, "I think he hurts. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Access the FACES… Most children aged five years and older can provide meaningful self-reports of pain intensity if they are provided with age-appropriate tools and training. The nurse teaches a preschooler to use a FACES pain rating scale prior to surgery. A 3 year old child comes into casualty and you need to assess their pain. Similar to the VAS, the NPRS is anchored by terms describing pain severity extremes. FLACC scale. Skala nyeri oucher adalah alat untuk mengukur intensitas nyeri pada anak. distress behaviors. -nurse can use different pain scales such as: visual analog, numerical pain scale, FLACC, FACES, oucher. Color Tool. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use? a. The nurse is. The results indicate that behavioural assessment scales have been used flexibly to assess pain in a wide variety of situations, across different pediatric populations and for patients of different ages, and there appears to be no basis for designating the scales as measures of distress versus pain. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) is a measure of pain intensity that was modified from the Faces Pain Scale (Wong-Beker) [2] to facilitate a more acceptable 0 to 10 criterion in scoring pain sensation. 7748/paed. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Bohaty}, journal={Pain. The Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale was created by Donna Wong and Connie Baker in 1983 to help children effectively communicate about their pain. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. PURPOSE: To compare the validity, reliability, and preference of pain intensity measurement tools--the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)--in 100 African-American children between 3 and 18 years of age. Self‑report measures are not suԀciently valid for children younger than 3 years of age because many children are not able to self‑report their pain accurately. Oxygen Saturation, Respiratory Pattern and Rate, Skin Color, Skin Turgor. Because the original large-sized posters were unwieldy for use by nurses with children in clinical. NURS MISC. FACES pain rating tool b. The most common is the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), which uses the range 0-10. D. Oucher scale. Oucher scale d. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self- reportthe Oucher Scale. Numeric scale c. Pain, medication and complications were studied for 24 hours. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is completing a pain assessment of an infant. Purpose: To compare the validity, reliability, and preference of pain intensity measurement tools--the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the. It has been particularly well investigated, but unlike some other scales it requires the purchase and possible sterilization of a plastic tool. 001 Corpus ID: 45887125; The alternate forms reliability of the Oucher pain scale. ” In addition, a pain history should be taken to further expand the clinician’s assessment of the pain. Oucher scale d. The Oucher scale is used for children aged 3-13 years. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. Scale; Neonates, infants, and Toddlers: Observational or behavioural scale: Based on a child’s reaction to pain. The Poker Chip Scale asks children to quantify their pain in “pieces of hurt,” with more poker chips representing. Children who are able to count to 100 by ones or tens and can identify. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Kyle, age 6 months, is brought to the clinic. It uses six drawings of faces to help the patient rate their pain on a scale of 0 to 5. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Among the entire sample and each age group, the FACES scale was the most preferred scale. , in search results, to enrich docs, and more. A nurse is gathering a history on a school-age child admitted for a migraine headache. 11. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Blackboard Learn Gestion 36 A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. The Faces Scale, Oucher Scale, and Poker Chip Tool are all self-report scales and can usually be used with children three and older. Additional large-scale studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and cost–benefit and risk–benefit issues. 001. the clinician asks the patient to answer eight questions concerning location, duration, quality, intensity, and aggravating/relieving factors; the clinician adds questions about manner of expressing pain and the effects of pain that impairs one's quality of life;View full documentWe suggest that, in critically ill pediatric patients 6 yrs old and older who are capable of communicating, pain assessment via self-report be routinely performed using the Visual Analog Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, Oucher Scale, or Wong-Baker Faces pain scale. Oucher scale d. Would it be better to use the Oucher scale, a self report measure, or CHEOPS, a behavioural pain. Students also studiedOUCHER! OUCHER! Figure 1 OUCHER scale. Oucher scale d. When the data were analyzed for three cognitive stages (ages 3-7, 8-12, and 13-18 years), the following were found: For the school-age period, chi square for reliability did not reach significance (chi2 = 4. FLACC tool, 2. Because the Oucher is a single-item rather than a multiple-item scale, the determination of its alternate forms reliability requires a nontraditional approach. In 1981, shortly after completing graduate school, Connie. The OUCHER scale, like the Wong-Baker, uses a numeric scale; however, it ranges from 0 to 5 with 0 being no pain and 5 being the worst pain. Oucher pain scale. Oucher scale d. The purpose of this study was to compare validity, reliability, and preference of three pain intensity measurement tools, the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), in African-American children. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. On the left of the poster is the numerical scale. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn’t have the language skills to express pain. acute vs chronic approximate duration. FLACC tool B. This psychometric examination determined whether children, by their scores. 2004. Erythromycin Med Card. Oucher scale d. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. A 3-year-old toddler who has a fractured femur C. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Based on the nurse's knowledge of pain assessment tools and child development, which assessment tools are most appropriate for this age child? (Select all that apply) A. Numeric scale c. Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale D. Total views 78. 142 Several versions are available that use either line drawings or photographs (eg, Faces Pain Scale-Revised [FPS-R], Wong-Baker FACES scale, OUCHER scale). Even though it covers a wide array of patients, it still has limits. Oucher scale: Children (Age >8 yrs) Self-report pain scale: Based on. FLACC tool, 2. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. FACES pain rating tool b. Oucher scale d. Intensity or severity (Use analog scale to quantify) Factors that increase or relieve pain (positioning, movement) Goals for pain control (The patient’s preferred assessment tool. (Personally I like the OUCHER Scale) Provides photos of multiple ethnicities as shown below; Kids <4 Years: Very limited communication; Can use the FLACC Scale (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Scale (Range 0 -10. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. 3–12: Concurrent validity =. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn’t have the language skills to express pain. D. Possible drawbacks include response variability and moderate correlation with. This tool was developed by Dr. Clinical use of topical anesthetics in children. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Numeric scale c. The age range suits this child. PMN. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. 1016/J. The OUCHER Scale — It was developed by Beyer in 1980 . The numeric pain scale is one most adults are used to; anyone over 8 can use the numeric scale. FLACC B. The children’s perception of their pain was evaluated with the Oucher scale. Oucher scale d. Edad: 4 años o. The Oucher and Wong/Baker Rating Scales are pediatric scales. Either the Oucher scale or the faces pain scale is suitable for prehospital care providers to assess pain in children. Construct validity was supported for both the scales. Oucher scale was used to measure pain intensity. Localization of pain c. He cries and rolls his head from side to side a lot. Course: Pathopharmacology I (NURS 305) 97 Documents. the best. FACES pain rating tool b. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot report pain. Numeric scale c. MEDICIONES DE FITNESS: CARDIOPULMONAR: RESISTENCIA / GASTO DE ENERGÍA: MULTIDOMINIO: Fitness Gram. Significant correlations were found between the two. Therefore, this measure can be used with children from 3 to 12 years of age. Numeric scale c. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. The Oucher scale may be particularly useful for children older than 7 years and for studies that are restricted to certain ethnic groups, the study authors write. Severity d. The research questions were: 1. The average operation time was 175 min (range 160–195). Oucher. The Oucher consists of a laminated poster, comprising six colour photographs and a vertical, numerical scale. Oucher scale d. FLACC tool, 2. Face scales are consistently preferred by children over numerical, analog, or word descriptor scales. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Numeric scale c. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is completing a pain assessment of an infant. Oucher scale d. The Wong-Baker FACES Pain rating scale C. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, controllability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The numerical scale: Measures pain on a scale of 1–10. ; PMID: 12025292 DOI: 10. 18 Explain to the child to score that the intensity of the pain increases in the scale from the bottom up and ask her to point to the. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. 1. Oucher was the most preferred scale by the children and had a uniformly increasing relationship with FPS and VRS, which has implications for research on pain management using Oucher, which was a reliable and preferred scale in children. Oucher scale d. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. 8). The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. Which of the following. The median pain scores on the FPS, NPS, and FACES were 4 (1,9), 4 (1,8), and 4 (2,8). This a self-reported scale measuring the intensity of pain of children between 3 and 12 years of age and is composed of 2 distinct scales. There is a version that containsa vertical numerical scale of 10 to 100 and is appropriate for children who can. The only tool validated for assessing pain in mechanically ventilated patients ages 0 to 18 years is the;Oucher pain scale. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Rolling from tummy to side c. Oucher pain scale. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. low-dose morphine and more. Among the entire sample and each age group, the FACES scale was the most preferred scale. Dark brown blood noted in emesis B. Evaluation of the child with joint pain and/or swelling. Oucher scale d. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Stage of preschooler, Preschoolers Coping Mechanisms, Assessment with preschooler and more. The Oucher scale has adequate psychometric properties in validity and reliability and can also be presented using photographed faces that match various ethnic and racial groups. PTS 1 DIF Cognitive Level Application REF 840 OBJ Nursing Process Assessment MSC from NRSG 113 at Ivy Tech Community College, IndianapolisPediatric cancer pain assessment: This includes Beyer’s The Oucher, Eland’s color scale–body outline, Hester’s poker chip tool, McGrath’s faces scale, and others. developed: Beyer, for young patients. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Numeric scale c. PURPOSE To compare the validity, reliability, and preference of pain intensity measurement tools--the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)--in 100. Scales measuring physiological responses to pain do not distinguish between pain and anxiety. variety of faces scales are available, and when one is used, it is important to explain to the child that the first face represents no pain and that the last face represents extreme or severe pain. These employ drawings or pictures of facial expressions of pain which each correspond to a number value . it is practical and valid. Apply the medication an hour before the procedure beings. Oucher scale d. Oucher scale d. It can be used with younger school-age children, although less abstract tools are more appropriate. Numeric scale d .